Relevant for hydrogen transport, hydrogen as feedstock, hydrogen as fuel, hydrogen storage, relief station, compression station, etc.

What you need to know

The properties of hydrogen that make it more dangerous than gas are:

  • The ignition temperature of hydrogen is much higher than that of natural gas.
  • Hydrogen gas burning is invisible, no flame is produced.
  • Hydrogen is stored and transported under high pressure.
  • Hydrogen gas is a very small molecule and is highly volatile.
  • Hydrogen has a 100x lower ignition value than natural gas. Even minimal electrostatic discharge can cause an explosion.
  • Hydrogen has a negative impact on the material properties and behavior of the pressure-bearing parts of an installation.

Whether and to what extent the risks increase also depends on the application: hydrogen transport, hydrogen as feedstock, hydrogen as fuel, hydrogen storage, relief station, compression station, etc.

Given the high risk, all scenarios where something could go wrong must be examined and covered for a new installation but also for retrofitting an existing installation to work with hydrogen. Risk analysis is therefore crucial.

Some important technical investigations and studies include: conducting a HAZOP, an explosive safety document, and a zoning dossier, lightning protection, leak tests like those for natural gas installations, compliance with applicable regulations, assessment of the structural integrity of the installation, analysis of material certificates, conducting additional tests on materials, assessment of measuring equipment (Measuring Instruments Directive), etc.

But there is also a need to adapt existing regulations and standards. Vinçotte (member of Kiwa Group) is active in this area as well. Because if up to 20% hydrogen were to be added to natural gas, you would want the natural gas installations that heat our buildings to continue to operate safely.
A hydrogen installation therefore requires extra attention, not only because there are legal obligations but also because the safety aspect is essential.